Final answer:
The correct answer is C) folds; grooves, referring to gyri and sulci respectively, which are key features of the cerebral cortex, aiding in cognitive functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gyri and sulci are the folds and grooves, respectively, which characterize the cerebral cortex of the brain. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is C) folds; grooves. The cerebral cortex is the outer gray matter covering the forebrain and is marked by these wrinkles and folds known as gyri and sulci. These structures are significant as they increase the surface area of the brain, allowing for a greater number of neurons and higher cognitive functions. A well-known sulcus is the longitudinal fissure, which deeply separates the brain into left and right hemispheres, known as cerebral hemispheres. The gyri serve as the ridges between the grooves, while the sulci are the valleys that separate the gyri.