Final answer:
The neuron responsible for sending pain messages up the spinal column when touching a hot stove is the sensory neuron.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Mary put her hand on a hot stove, the type of neuron responsible for sending a pain message up her spinal column is a sensory neuron (C). Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting information about external stimuli, such as pain, from sensory receptors in the skin to the central nervous system. In this case, the sensory neurons carry the signal from the site of the burn in the skin to the spinal cord, where it can then be transmitted to the brain for processing or initiate a quick reflex response.