Final answer:
The empirical method of study relies on systematic observation and experimentation, contrasting with approaches based on guesswork or unchecked speculation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The empirical method of study is fundamentally based on systematic observation and experimentation. Empirical knowledge, especially within the realm of science, is knowledge acquired through the senses and confirmed through the method, which includes observation, hypothesis generation, and rigorous testing. In contrast to other methods based on guesswork or theoretical speculation, empirical research relies on evidence that arises from direct experience or scientifically gathered data. This approach ensures that hypotheses and theories are evaluated against real-world observations rather than solely relying on reasoning or intuition without experimental validation.
An example of an empirical research method is conducting a controlled experiment, where an investigator manipulates certain variables and measures the effects to test a hypothesis. Another empirical method is an observational study, where the researcher observes subjects in a natural setting without manipulation to gather data. These methods underscore the principle that empirical evidence must support scientific theories.