Final answer:
Dr. Littman-Smith should conduct a naturalistic observation study to research the ways that mothers and their toddlers interact throughout the day in Kenya.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of study that Dr. Littman-Smith should conduct given the purpose of her research in Kenya is naturalistic observation. Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in its natural context, allowing researchers to gain insights into how individuals behave in their everyday lives. In this case, Dr. Littman-Smith would observe and document the interactions between mothers and their toddlers throughout the day, without interfering or manipulating the environment.