Final answer:
A white, plate-like plaque on the gingiva is called dental calculus or tartar, which can contribute to gingivitis and periodontitis. Professional dental cleaning and good oral hygiene are crucial for treatment and prevention.
Step-by-step explanation:
A white, plate-like plaque on the gingiva is called dental calculus or tartar. This hardened plaque forms on the teeth and is a significant factor in the development of periodontal diseases. Inflammation of the gums, known as gingivitis, occurs when plaque and bacteria accumulate on the teeth. This inflammation can lead to irritation, redness, and bleeding of the gums, as highlighted in Figure 24.9. If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to periodontitis, where gums recede and expose parts of the teeth, leading to further complications such as tooth loss and jawbone erosion.
Dental calculus cannot be removed with regular brushing and requires professional dental cleaning. Maintaining good dental hygiene and professional care is essential in treating and preventing the progression of gum diseases. X-rays and visual inspections are used to diagnose gingivitis, and severe cases may need treatment with antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline, macrolides, or ß-lactams.