Final answer:
Cells, proteins, and medium-to-large molecules cannot pass through Bowman's capsule.
Step-by-step explanation:
The substances that cannot pass through Bowman's capsule are cells, proteins, and medium-to-large molecules. The structure of Bowman's capsule, which surrounds the glomerulus in the kidney, prevents the passage of these larger substances. Although water-soluble nutrients can pass through the cell membranes using transport molecules, larger molecules cannot pass through the filtration membrane.