Question

A client has been living with a diagnosis of anemia for several years and has experienced recent declines in her hemoglobin levels despite active treatment. What assessment finding would signal complications of anemia?

a) Venous ulcers and visual disturbances
b) Fever and signs of hyperkalemia
c) Epistaxis and gastroesophageal reflux d) Shortness of breath and peripheral edema

Answer 1

The assessment findings that would signal complications of anemia in a patient experiencing declining hemoglobin levels are shortness of breath and peripheral edema. These symptoms suggest more serious consequences of anemia, requiring urgent attention.

Step-by-step explanation:

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a lower than normal number of red blood cells, which leads to reduced oxygen transport throughout the body. Among the various symptoms, shortness of breath and peripheral edema are notable assessment findings that would signal complications of anemia. Shortness of breath occurs due to a lack of oxygenated blood reaching the body tissues, making it difficult for patients to breathe, especially during activities. Peripheral edema, on the other hand, can arise from fluid volume overload, which might be a response to chronically low levels of hemoglobin and an ensuing effort by the body to compensate by retaining fluids.

Considering the complications mentioned in the question, the most indicative assessment findings related to the worsening of anemia would be shortness of breath and peripheral edema (d), indicating a more serious consequence of the condition potentially requiring urgent medical attention. This aligns with the fact that anemia affects all organ systems due to the essential role of oxygen in cellular functions, and severe symptoms could include chest pain, as well as life-threatening consequences such as heart attack.