Question

In type I diabetes, a hyperglycemic hyperosmotic state may occur. Which of the following best describes this state?

A.) There is decreased water intake.
B.) Plasma glucose and blood osmolarity levels are above normal.
C.) There are low levels of vasopressin (ADH).
D.) Blood osmolarity is below normal levels due to elevated glucose.
E.) ATP production is increased due to the increased levels of glucose.

Answer 1

In type I diabetes, a hyperglycemic hyperosmotic state indicates elevated levels of plasma glucose and blood osmolarity. This condition occurs when excess glucose in the blood ends up in the urine, drawing water out of the body and leading to dehydration.

Step-by-step explanation:

In type I diabetes, a hyperglycemic hyperosmotic state refers to a condition where both plasma glucose and blood osmolarity levels are above normal. This state is best described by option B.) Plasma glucose and blood osmolarity levels are above normal. When there is poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, glucose levels exceed the renal tubules' capacity to reabsorb glucose, causing glucose to appear in the urine and act as an osmotic diuretic. The excessive glucose in the urine pulls water along with it, leading to increased urination (polyuria), which in turn can cause dehydration. This dehydration can lead to an increase in blood osmolarity. Additionally, sodium's role in affecting plasma osmolarity should not be ignored, as it can attract water and thus affect the overall osmotic balance in the body.