Final answer:
Imine formation involves reacting a primary amine with a carbonyl compound. Amides and imines are both formed by reactions involving amines, but they are distinct compounds. The nomenclature for imines follows IUPAC rules similar to aldehydes and ketones.
Step-by-step explanation:
Imine formation involves the reaction between a primary amine and a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) to form an imine. In this context, primary amines contain one alkyl or aryl group bonded to the nitrogen atom. The carbonyl compound provides the carbon atom that, along with the nitrogen from the amine, forms the imine linkage.
Amides can be formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with a primary amine (or ammonia) in what is known as amidation. This reaction is different from imine formation; however, it is often discussed in tandem as they both involve the reaction of an amine with a carbonyl signal. In amidation, a water molecule is expelled, and an amide bond is created. The primary amine, in this case, is bound to two hydrogens and one carbon, and it acts as a nucleophile.
Nomenclature for imines follows the IUPAC rules for aldehydes or ketones but replaces the -al or -one suffix with the suffix -imine. The reaction between amines and carboxylic acids is crucial in biology, especially in creating peptide bonds between amino acids to form proteins.