Final answer:
Hypoventilation results in a decrease in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), leading to respiratory alkalosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an individual hypoventilates, it results in a decrease in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), leading to a condition known as respiratory alkalosis. Hypoventilation refers to slow or shallow breathing, which causes less CO2 to be exhaled and therefore increases its level in the blood. This can occur in conditions such as pneumonia, emphysema, or congestive heart failure.