Final answer:
The Haversian system, or osteon, is the primary structure in compact bone, providing strength and support by maintaining the bone's matrix and facilitating the supply of nutrients and waste removal through the Haversian canal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Haversian system or osteon is the primary structural unit of compact bone. Each osteon is composed of concentric layers known as lamellae, which are made of calcified matrix. At the center of each osteon is the central canal or Haversian canal, containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, essential for providing nutrients and removing waste from bone cells, also known as osteocytes. These osteocytes reside in lacunae and receive nutrition through canaliculi. The Haversian system ensures the longevity and strength of bones by maintaining their structure and facilitating the repair process.