Final answer:
To treat hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide, mesna, hyperhydration, and forced diuresis are commonly used. Mesna binds to irritative metabolites, while increased fluid intake helps flush them out.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hemorrhagic cystitis resulting from the administration of cyclophosphamide is frequently treated with agents such as mesna (sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate), hyperhydration, and diuresis. Mesna acts by binding to the toxic metabolites of cyclophosphamide that cause bladder irritation. Additionally, forcing diuresis and maintaining a high urinary output can help to flush out these irritative substances from the bladder. In some cases, continuous bladder irrigation may also be employed as a treatment measure.
While the mentioned antibiotics like fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, and combinations like trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are typically used for bacterial cystitis, they are not directly relevant for the chemically induced hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide.