Final answer:
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective pyrimidine antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis. It causes gastrointestinal symptoms and bone marrow suppression as common side effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
5-Fluorouracil:
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective pyrimidine antimetabolite that works by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA. It acts as an antimetabolite by preventing the addition of a methyl group in the 5-position of 2-deoxythymidine.
Mechanism of Action (MOA):
5-FU inhibits the thymidine synthase enzyme, which is responsible for the conversion of 2'-deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) to thymidine triphosphate (dTTP). This leads to the depletion of dTTP, causing DNA synthesis to be impaired.
Adverse Effects (AE):
Common side effects of 5-FU include gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It can also cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of red and white blood cells, as well as platelets.