Final answer:
The Criminal Code of Canada provides the same authorities to Security Guards as any ordinary private citizen. They may use reasonable force for a citizen's arrest in specific situations. Law enforcement officers require probable cause and a warrant for searches and seizures, to protect individuals against unreasonable interference.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Criminal Code of Canada outlines specific authorities and limitations for various individuals acting in security and law enforcement roles. Security Guards, according to the code, hold the same authority as any other private citizen when it comes to arrest powers. This means they do not possess any special policing powers beyond those of a regular citizen. They are allowed to use reasonable force to carry out a citizen's arrest for indictable offenses (which would include apprehending someone named in a warrant), as long as the offense is being committed on or in relation to the property they are protecting. However, excessive force or any action that goes beyond reasonableness can lead to criminal charges or civil action against the security personnel.
When it comes to protecting individual rights against unreasonable searches and seizures, law enforcement must operate within certain constraints. These constraints ensure that a balance is maintained between the needs of law enforcement and the rights of individuals. In general, law enforcement officers are required to have probable cause and, in many cases, a warrant before conducting a search or seizure. This requirement for a warrant must be supported by Oath or affirmation and must particularly describe the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized to protect against arbitrary intrusions.