Final answer:
The prenatal nurse should focus on assessing the woman's knowledge of proper food handling due to the risks of Listeria in deli meats and hot dogs. Additionally, the nurse should discuss the importance of a diverse and balanced diet, including whole foods and a variety of protein sources, while limiting saturated fats and increasing omega-3 intake.
Step-by-step explanation:
Most Important Action by the Prenatal Nurse
After having reviewed the patient's 3-day diet recall, the most important action for the prenatal nurse would be B. Assess the woman's knowledge of proper food handling. This action is crucial given the consumption of deli meats and hot dogs, which are associated with a risk of Listeria infection that can be harmful during pregnancy. Education on the importance of proper food handling, selecting food sources low in saturated fats and high in omega-3 fatty acids, and ensuring a diversity of protein sources including legumes and seafood, is vital. Additionally, increasing intake of raw and whole foods for nutrient retention, and eating a balanced diet as recommended by MyPlate guidelines, which include ample fruits, vegetables, grains, and proteins along with dairy, are important aspects for the nurse to discuss with the patient.
The nurse should encourage the inclusion of more whole foods, such as fruits and vegetables, and discourage processed foods. The consumption of complete proteins, from combinations like beans and rice, should also be encouraged. Limiting intake of saturated fats and increasing sources of omega-3 fatty acids, such as through the consumption of foods like salmon and walnuts, will contribute to healthier prenatal nutrition.
Consideration must also be given to the consumption of folate, either through diet or supplements, as recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, especially for women who might become pregnant.