Final answer:
Edema is the swelling caused by fluid accumulation in tissues, often evident in extremities. It can be a sign of various underlying conditions, including kwashiorkor from protein deficiency or circulatory issues. Edema may present as 'pitting' when pressure is applied to the swollen area.
Step-by-step explanation:
Edema is the medical term for the accumulation of fluid in the tissues, which leads to swelling. This condition can occur in various parts of the body and is most commonly seen in the extremities, such as the ankles and feet. The causes of edema are numerous and can include factors like poor nutrition, particularly protein deficiency, which leads to a condition known as kwashiorkor. Edema can also result from circulatory deficits, the use of certain medications, pregnancy, injury, or allergic reactions.
One classic sign of edema, especially in the limbs, is that when you press a finger into the swollen area, it might leave a depression that persists for several seconds, a phenomenon known as pitting. Such signs are often associated with underlying health conditions and may be a response to inflammation or a blockage in blood or lymphatic vessels, as seen in diseases like elephantiasis.
In severe cases, as observed with malnutrition, the individual might exhibit additional symptoms, such as a distended abdomen, loss of hair, and other signs of poor health. These symptoms underscore the importance of adequate nutrition and healthcare access to prevent and treat edema and related conditions.