Final answer:
Disturbances in Earth's magnetic field caused by solar storms can disrupt communications and cause power outages. North America is more susceptible to electrical outages due to solar storms because it is closer to Earth's magnetic pole. Advance warning and preparation can help minimize the impact of solar storms on power and communication systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Disturbances in Earth's magnetic field, caused by solar storms, can lead to disruptions in communications and power outages. These disturbances affect cell phone and wireless systems, and can also cause surges in power lines, resulting in burnouts of transformers and major power outages. For example, in 1989, parts of Montreal and Quebec Province in Canada experienced a power outage for up to 9 hours due to a major solar storm. It is more likely for electrical outages due to solar storms to occur in North America compared to Europe because North America is closer to Earth's magnetic pole where the induced currents are stronger.
Advance warning of solar storms would help reduce their disruptive effects. Power networks could be operated at less than full capacity to absorb power surges, and communications networks could have backup plans in place. Additionally, scientists are working to predict the occurrence and intensity of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to better prepare for their impact on Earth.
With the increasing reliance on technology and electrical power, governments are investing in research to improve the prediction and understanding of solar storms, aiming to minimize their effects on communication systems, power grids, and space activities.