Final answer:
Decreased formation and excretion of urine is the opposite of diuresis. Oliguria and anuria are conditions of low urine output, while diuretics, opposed by ADH, increase urine production.
Step-by-step explanation:
Decreased formation and excretion of urine is actually the opposite of diuresis. Diuresis refers to the increased formation and excretion of urine. When urine excretion decreases to less than 600 ml/day, it is known as oliguria, which can be caused by conditions such as fever, shock, vomiting, and diarrhea. If urine excretion falls below 10 ml/day or stops completely, the condition is called anuria, which can occur due to acute renal failure or nephritis. The Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) plays a crucial role in regulating urine formation by promoting water recovery and decreasing urine volume to maintain stable plasma osmolarity and blood pressure. By contrast, diuretics, like alcohol and caffeine, increase urine output, and they are used to manage conditions including hypertension and congestive heart failure.