Final answer:
Iron-deficiency anemia is caused by an insufficient amount of iron to produce heme, necessary for oxygen transport in red blood cells. It commonly affects women of childbearing age due to menstruation and can cause fatigue and weakness but is treatable with dietary changes and iron supplements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term iron-deficiency anemia refers specifically to a type of anemia that occurs when there is insufficient iron in the body to produce adequate amounts of heme, which is necessary for red blood cells to transport oxygen. This deficiency can result from a diet low in iron, poor absorption of iron in the body, chronic bleeding, or increased needs such as during childhood or pregnancy.
In women of childbearing age, it is most commonly caused by blood loss during menstruation. Symptoms can include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath during physical activity. Treatment usually includes changes in diet and/or iron supplements.