Final answer:
Ductal ectasia is a condition where the milk ducts in the breast become widened and thickened, potentially causing physical changes like nipple discharge, tenderness, swelling, and sometimes a lump or redness. Diagnosis typically involves a clinical exam with potential use of imaging studies. Treatment ranges from monitoring to medication, or rarely, surgical intervention.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ductal ectasia is a breast condition commonly associated with the aging process but can appear in individuals at various ages. It occurs when the milk ducts in the breast become widened (ectasia) and the walls of the ducts thicken. This can lead to blockage and buildup of fluid. Physically, it may cause some noticeable changes in the breast's appearance. One might observe nipple discharge that is often white or greenish in color, tenderness or swelling surrounding the nipple, a lump or a thick area near the affected duct(s), and sometimes redness or inflammation.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Generally, ductal ectasia does not lead to serious complications, but its symptoms can be uncomfortable and sometimes mimic those of more serious conditions, such as breast cancer. For this reason, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider if any such changes are noticed. Diagnosis usually involves a clinical examination, possibly accompanied by imaging studies like mammography or ultrasound.
Treatment Options
Treatment for ductal ectasia depends on the severity of the symptoms. Mild cases might not require treatment other than monitoring for changes. In cases with more severe symptoms, doctors may prescribe antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications. Surgical intervention to remove the affected ducts may be considered in rare cases where symptoms are persistent and troublesome.