Final answer:
The Solicitor General is responsible for screening appeals to the Supreme Court on behalf of the U.S. government, deciding which cases to appeal from lower courts, and personally approving each case that goes before the Court.
Step-by-step explanation:
The member of the justice department who screens all appeals to the Supreme Court for the U.S. government is the Solicitor General. This individual plays a critical role in deciding which cases the federal government will appeal from the lower courts.
The Solicitor General personally approves each case that the government presents to the Supreme Court, and as a result, most of the cases brought forth by the Solicitor General are placed on the Court's docket. Approximately two-thirds of all Supreme Court cases involve the federal government, highlighting the significant influence the Solicitor General has on the Court's agenda.
The Supreme Court serves as the 'court of last resort' and has both original and appellate jurisdiction. It is the final court where appeals from lower court decisions are heard, and it has the power to decide the remedy and resolution of cases. The Supreme Court also possesses the authority to declare laws and executive actions unconstitutional, underlining its status as a vital component of the U.S. judicial system.
The process for selecting judges at the federal level is also notable. The President nominates candidates for judgeships, including for the Supreme Court, and these nominees must be confirmed by a majority vote in the U.S. Senate.
Federal judges and justices then serve for lifetime terms, ensuring the continuity and independence of the judiciary.The member of the United States Justice Department responsible for screening all appeals to the Supreme Court for the U.S. government is the Solicitor General.
The Solicitor General determines whether the government will appeal lower court decisions to the Supreme Court, and the Solicitor General also represents the government before the Supreme Court when it hears those cases. Additionally, the Solicitor General may submit amicus curiae briefs in cases where the federal government has a significant interest but is not directly involved.