Final answer:
Planes avoid collisions through FAA-established minimum horizontal and vertical separation rules, akin to how electrons have defined spatial constraints in quantum mechanics.
Step-by-step explanation:
So many planes are able to fly without running into each other thanks to the regulations set by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The FAA mandates that for safe operation in uncontrolled airspace, each commercial airliner must maintain a minimum distance of five miles from another aircraft at the same altitude. Furthermore, planes must have a vertical separation of 2,000 feet from any aircraft flying above or below them, which is decreased to 1,000 feet when the altitude is less than 29,000 feet.
These restrictions ensure that each commercial airplane operates within specific spatial parameters, much like quantum mechanics illustrate that electrons have defined constraints on their positions. These guidelines contribute greatly to the avoidance of in-air collisions and allow for the establishment of safe air routes by commercial air carriers, even when planning to fly in uncontrolled airspace.