Final Answer:
No person shall fly an aircraft over water within a multi-engine aircraft that is able to maintain flight with any engine failed for a distance greater than 50 nm, or distance covered in 30 minutes of flight at cruising speed, unless life rafts are carried.
Step-by-step explanation:
In aviation, safety regulations are paramount, especially when flying over water. The given rule specifies that for multi-engine aircraft, the maximum distance over water without carrying life rafts is limited by two criteria: a fixed distance of 50 nm and a time-based criterion of 30 minutes of flight at cruising speed.
The 50 nm limit ensures that even in the event of an engine failure, the aircraft can cover a substantial distance before reaching a safe landing site. This distance is based on the assumption that the aircraft can maintain flight with any one engine inoperative. It provides a buffer for potential emergencies and allows the pilot to plan for suitable diversion airports or landing sites within the specified range.
The time-based criterion adds an additional layer of safety by accounting for the aircraft's speed. The 30-minute duration is calculated at the cruising speed, ensuring that the aircraft can cover a distance within a defined time frame. This criterion considers the dynamic nature of flight and prevents pilots from venturing too far over water without the capability to safely land or execute an emergency water landing.
These regulations strike a balance between operational flexibility and safety, ensuring that pilots are adequately equipped to handle unforeseen circumstances when flying over water in multi-engine aircraft. The inclusion of life rafts is a precautionary measure, emphasizing the importance of preparedness for emergencies in overwater operations.