Final answer:
A poor runway surface condition can lower the V1 speed during takeoff, requiring adjustments for the airplane's acceleration and lift-off. In landing with a crosswind, the pilot calculates the approach angle to align with the runway and must be ready for last minute maneuvers for a safe touchdown.
Step-by-step explanation:
The runway surface condition will affect the V1 speed, which is the speed beyond which takeoff should no longer be aborted. V1 depends on various factors, one being the condition of the runway surface. A wet or icy runway can increase the required distance for an airplane to accelerate to takeoff speed and safely lift off; hence, it may result in a lower V1 speed to ensure the aircraft can stop in case of an aborted takeoff within the remaining runway. More friction due to a rougher surface can also impact V1, requiring adjustments to compensate for potential performance differences during the takeoff roll.
When considering the problem of an airplane landing on a runway in a crosswind, the pilot must account for the wind speed and direction, as well as the speed of the airplane relative to the air mass. The pilot calculates the appropriate angle of approach to ensure that the aircraft's velocity relative to the ground is parallel to the runway. After considering these factors, the pilot must also be prepared for last minute maneuvers to align the plane's wheels straight down the runway for a safe landing.