Final answer:
The terms in the question refer to the body's innate immune system, with 'inflammation' being the body's response to pathogen invasion and 'phagocytosis' referring to the engulfing and digestion of pathogens by immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question provided involves understanding several concepts related to the body's immune response, specifically its innate immune system. The terms listed include inflammation, a fundamental part of the innate immune response where the body combats pathogen entry with redness, swelling, heat, and pain; phagocytosis, where specific immune cells called phagocytes (such as macrophages and neutrophils) engulf and digest pathogens; and cytolysis, which is the bursting or destruction of cells, typically as part of the immune response or pathogen attack. Additionally, immune clearance refers to the process by which immune cells remove pathogens from circulation.
In the context of the innate immune system, inflammation serves to establish a physical barrier to impede the spread of infection and to start the healing process of the affected tissues, by clearing injured cells and initiating repair. Thus, phagocytosis is a signature activity of white blood cells like macrophages and neutrophils that patrol the body to consume pathogens. These processes are fundamental to the first line of defense our body mounts against pathogens that have breached other initial barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes.