Final answer:
Immediate action to wash and disinfect exposed skin is necessary when encountering blood or body fluids to prevent infection. Medical personnel should wear protective gear and follow protocols for disposal and sterilization. General handwashing is vital for public health and preventing pathogen spread.
Step-by-step explanation:
Exposure to blood or body fluids poses a significant health risk and requires immediate and proper action to prevent infection. This involves prompt handwashing and the use of protective clothing, such as a protective coat, face protection, and cut-resistant gloves, by medical personnel and anyone handling potentially contaminated materials. The skin should be washed with a suitable detergent and warm water, followed by disinfecting with 1 N NaOH or a dilute bleach solution. It is essential to dispose of contaminated waste correctly, through incineration or autoclaving, and to thoroughly clean and sterilize instruments.
For health-care workers, additional protective measures include the use of disposable syringes and needles, as well as the potential administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination after exposure to infected blood. Handwashing is a critical preventive measure recommended by the CDC, not just for clinical settings but also for the general public to inhibit the spread of pathogens.