Final answer:
The power to tax, regulate commerce among the states, and declare war are classified as enumerated powers which are specifically granted to the federal government by the U.S. Constitution, contrasting reserved powers that are held by state governments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The federal government's power to tax, regulate commerce among the states, and declare war are all examples of enumerated powers. These powers are specifically listed in the U.S. Constitution, particularly in Article I, Section 8. They define the jurisdictional boundaries within which the federal government has authority, ensuring its role in national and foreign affairs.
Contrary to enumerated powers, the Tenth Amendment created a class of powers exclusive to state governments, known as reserved powers. These include powers not expressly given to the national government, like regulating intrastate commerce and marriage laws. Both levels of government, however, share some powers such as the right to levy taxes.