Final answer:
X-ray images in dentistry can detect various dental pathologies such as deep tooth decay, injuries to root or bone, and infections, which may otherwise be invisible. Radiographs show contrasts between different tissue densities, highlighting issues within hard tissues like teeth. The low doses of radiation used are considered safe due to the significant benefits they provide in dental diagnosis and treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
When examining x-ray images for dental pathology, a variety of conditions can be detected that might not be visible externally. Radiographs can uncover deeper tooth decay, damage to the root or bone, and possible infections that could lead to abscesses if left untreated. Through the radiographic contrast produced on the x-ray plate, differentials in tissue density allow detection of hard tissue alterations such as tooth decay and the presence of fillings. Additionally, these images can help assess the status of the pulp and identify infections that could spread to the bloodstream.
Dental x-rays produce a low radiation dose, roughly around 5 mSv (0.5 rem) per image, which is targeted only to the area being imaged. The risk posed by this small amount of radiation is balanced against the considerable benefits of accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. As diagnostic tools, x-rays are best suited for visualizing hard structures, due to their capacity for impeding soft tissues and being largely blocked by bone, thus creating the 'shadows' used to diagnose dental issues.