Final answer:
Fluoride ions in saliva are essential for remineralizing demineralized teeth by reacting with hydroxyapatite to form more acid-resistant fluorapatite, found in various dental products and treated drinking water.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fluoride ions in saliva play a crucial role in remineralizing demineralized teeth. These ions help to replace lost minerals in tooth enamel, increasing resistance to acid attacks which can lead to cavities. The major mineral in enamel, calcium hydroxyapatite, can dissolve in the presence of acids, releasing calcium and phosphate ions into the mouth. However, fluoride reacts with hydroxyapatite to form fluorapatite, which is less soluble in acidic conditions and thus more resilient to decay. As such, fluoride is commonly found in drinking water, toothpastes, and mouthwashes to aid oral health.
When regular dental cleanings remove tartar and detect enamel damage early, they contribute to overall oral health by preventing further demineralization. Meanwhile, reducing sugar intake and using sugarless gums can decrease acid production, further helping to maintain the mineral content of teeth. With fluoride treatment and the presence of fluoride in drinking water, the replacement of lost minerals is bolstered, making the teeth stronger and less susceptible to caries.