Final answer:
Federal elections in the U.S. are scheduled for the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November in even-numbered years, with specific details set by Congress. In contrast, the United Kingdom operates on a more flexible system, allowing for snap elections and votes of no confidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Under legislation passed by Parliament, federal elections in the United States must be held on the first Tuesday following the first Monday in November of even-numbered years. For the presidential election, this occurs every four years. Congress, however, has the authority to establish specific rules and requirements surrounding these elections. On this prescribed election day, voters participate in electing their Congressional representatives, who serve two-year terms, and Senators, who have six-year staggered terms. Every four years, this is also the time when the presidential ticket is decided, though indirectly, through the Electoral College votes.
In contrast, the United Kingdom does not have a fixed election schedule and the prime minister can call a snap election at any time, as well as being subject to being removed through a vote of no confidence. This flexibility allows for earlier elections if needed, instead of waiting for the end of the parliamentary term which is five years.
Furthermore, the Constitution and subsequent amendments provide that while the organization of congressional elections is up to the individual states, Congress can set overarching rules. This establishment of time, place, and method of election ensures a standardized approach to how federal elections are held across the country.