Final answer:
A tracheostomy is the procedure described, involving a surgical incision in the neck with a tube inserted to aid breathing, distinct from endotracheal intubation, which is placement of a tube through the mouth or nose to the trachea.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes a surgical incision in the neck held open by a tube to assist a patient's breathing is called a tracheostomy. During this procedure, a metal or plastic tube, known as a tracheostomy tube, is inserted through the neck into the trachea. This is distinct from endotracheal intubation, where a tube is placed through the mouth or nose and then into the trachea. Both techniques are used to maintain an open airway, facilitate breathing, or enable ventilation support. Tracheostomies are often required when there is a blockage in the upper airway or when long-term mechanical ventilation is needed. During intubation, the tube bypasses the obstruction to allow air to flow directly to the lungs, which can be crucial for patients who have injuries or inflammation in the upper respiratory system or require anesthesia during surgery.