Final answer:
When delivering a baby, it's essential to suction the newborn's mouth before the nose, keep gloved hands ready but not interfere unnecessarily, and have support for the mother's head. However, one should not place fingers in the newborn's armpit to assist with shoulder delivery, as this could cause injury.
Step-by-step explanation:
When delivering a baby, the correct procedures are vital for the safety of both the mother and the newborn. During the childbirth process, specifically during the second stage, which is the expulsion of the newborn, several critical steps must be taken.
First, an obstetrician or person assisting with the birth should suction the mouth and then the nose of the baby to clear any mucus and prevent aspiration, which could interfere with the newborn's first breath. This suctioning process is essential before the baby takes its first breath to ensure clear airways.
Second, maintaining sterility is crucial, and therefore, having gloved hands at the ready at the vaginal opening is a standard practice but this should not include placing hands unless necessary to guide the baby during the actual delivery process.
Third, it is beneficial to have someone stay at the mother's head to provide emotional support, monitor her condition, and facilitate communication between the mother and the delivery team.
Lastly, it is not recommended to place your fingers in the armpit to assist with the delivery of the shoulders. The correct method is to support the baby's head and neck gently and allow the shoulders to rotate and be delivered with natural contractions, minimizing the risk of injury to the baby's delicate structures. Forceful pulling or inappropriate manipulation could result in shoulder dystocia or brachial plexus injuries.
After the baby is born, the obstetrician will ensure the umbilical cord is double-clamped, and a cut is made between the clamps. If there are complications during labor, a surgical alternative such as a Caesarian section might be necessary. Post-birth, the mother will then move into the third stage of childbirth, which involves the delivery of the placenta and associated fetal membranes.