Final answer:
Oncology is the medical specialty dedicated to the study and treatment of cancer. Oncologists diagnose cancer often through biopsies, and employ various treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy depending on the cancer type and stage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical specialty that studies and treats cancer and tumors is Oncology. Oncologists are the medical professionals who specialize in diagnosing and treating cancer. Cancer involves abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Early diagnosis and treatment are critical aspects of cancer care. Screening methods such as mammograms can help detect cancers early, and recognizing early warning signs, like unusual bleeding or persistent cough, is essential. A definitive diagnosis typically requires a biopsy, where tissue is microscopically examined to determine the cancer type and stage.
There are several treatments for cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. While the first three target cancer cells directly, immunotherapy boosts the immune system's ability to fight cancer. The most common cancer, basal cell carcinoma, is generally curable, but treatment effectiveness can vary depending on the cancer type and its progression.