Final answer:
There are multiple types of one-way slab structural systems with beams, girders, and thickened bands being used to enhance span lengths. Steel I-beams and steel-reinforced concrete are important for reducing bending strains and countering shear forces in modern construction, building on historical advancements like Roman true arches.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is true that there are several different types of one-way slab structural systems. To increase the spans of one-way slabs, beams and girder systems, as well as thickened bands, are used. The one-way slab is designed to transfer loads to the supporting beams in one direction, which allows for greater spans and more efficient structural designs. In construction, materials like steel I-beams provide significant resistance to bending strains and enhance the structural integrity of buildings. Moreover, advancements in materials, such as the use of steel-reinforced concrete, have allowed modern architecture to withstand greater stresses, including shear forces, which are particularly challenging for materials like concrete that excel under compression but fare poorly under shear stress.
Throughout history, innovations such as the true arch discovered by Romans facilitated the development of larger spans in architecture. The true arch efficiently transfers weight through its wedge-shaped stones, thus allowing architects to design more ambitious structures. The use of I-beams and reinforced concrete in modern construction follows the principle of efficient load distribution, minimizing stresses and enabling longer spans without collapse.