Final answer:
Urethroplasty is the surgical repair of the urethra, which carries urine from the bladder outside the body. Differences in urethral anatomy between males and females contribute to distinct health concerns. Arthroplasty, also a type of surgical repair, involves replacing damaged joint surfaces with prosthetic parts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term urethroplasty refers to the surgical repair of the urethra, a tube that transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body for disposal. This procedure is necessary when the urethra has been damaged or narrowed.
The urethra's anatomy varies between sexes, with males having a longer urethra that also carries semen, and females having a shorter one, which is more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to its proximity to the vagina and its length.
Joint replacement, or arthroplasty, is a related surgical practice where articular surfaces of bones are replaced with artificial components. An example of this is hip arthroplasty, where parts of the hip joint are replaced to relieve chronic pain and enhance mobility.