Final answer:
Graves disease is an autoimmune condition, not an alloimmune disease, whereas hemolytic disease of the newborn is an example of an alloimmune disorder. The immune system’s response to antigens from allogenic individuals characterizes alloimmune diseases. In contrast, allergic reactions are types of hypersensitivity reactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The example of an alloimmune disease is b. Graves disease.
An alloimmune disease occurs when the immune system mounts an attack against antigens from the same species but genetically different (allogenic) individuals. This reaction underlies conditions such as hemolytic disease of the newborn or some types of transplant rejection. In contrast, Graves disease is an example of an autoimmune disease, which is a result of the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues, in this case, the thyroid gland.
It is important to differentiate between alloimmune reactions and autoimmune conditions. Autoimmune diseases include diabetes mellitus type I, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Allergic reactions, such as to pollen or penicillin, are hypersensitivity reactions where the immune system overreacts to a substance that is usually harmless to the body. Contact dermatitis and tuberculin reactions are types of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, while the allergy to pollen is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction.