Final answer:
The two examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the list are emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which are both part of the COPD spectrum. COPD is marked by alveolar damage and breathlessness, predominantly caused by smoking.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term used to describe progressive lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and non-reversible asthma. From the given list (asthma, pneumonia, COPD, lung cancer), the two examples of COPD would be emphysema and chronic bronchitis, both of which contribute to the symptoms and changes categorized under COPD. COPD is characterized by a breakdown of the alveoli and connective tissues in the lungs, which leads to an inability to fully exhale air, causing breathlessness and trapping air in the lungs.
Smoking tobacco is the primary cause of COPD, but other factors like air pollution and genetics also play a role. Unlike pneumonia, which involves alveoli filled with fluid, COPD involves poor airflow and persistent respiratory issues.