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Which are clinical manifestations of hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)

a. Decreased insulin secretion
b. Impaired renal function
c. Decreased neuromuscular excitability
d. Increased contractility of skeletal muscle

1 Answer

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Final answer:

Clinical manifestations of hypokalemia include decreased insulin secretion, impaired renal function, and decreased neuromuscular excitability, with muscle weakness being a common symptom instead of increased muscle contractility.

Step-by-step explanation:

The clinical manifestations of hypokalemia, which is an abnormally low potassium blood level, include several signs and symptoms. The correct clinical manifestations from your options are:

Decreased insulin secretion: Potassium is essential for insulin secretion. Hypokalemia can therefore lead to decreased insulin release.

Impaired renal function: Potassium plays a crucial role in renal function, and low levels can result in compromised kidney function.

Decreased neuromuscular excitability: Potassium is vital for muscle contraction and nerve function. Low levels can lead to muscle weakness and decreased reflexes.

On the other hand, increased contractility of skeletal muscle is not a manifestation of hypokalemia; instead, muscle weakness is more likely due to the decreased excitation of neuromuscular cells.

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