Final answer:
Option A). The weight that repositions itself based on the shaft rotational speed due to centrifugal force is called the flyweight.
Step-by-step explanation:
The flyweight is a weight that is a component of a governor system that adjusts its position based on the speed at which the shaft rotates because of centrifugal force. Flyweights are fastened to the governor sleeve and revolve with the shaft in a governor system. The flyweights move outward as the rotational speed increases due to the centrifugal force acting on them; this movement regulates the engine's or other mechanical devices' speed. Hence, Option A) is the correct answer.