Final answer:
Conflict theory, pioneered by Karl Marx, examines the competition for scarce resources within society and how that leads to social inequalities and power dynamics, including the inherent struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
Step-by-step explanation:
Conflict theory examines the ways in which groups within a society struggle over scarce resources. Originated by Karl Marx, a key figure in sociology and philosophy, this theory addresses how social institutions, such as government, education, and religion, are influenced by the ongoing competition for resources, leading to inherent inequalities and the maintenance of an unequal social structure.
At the macro and meso levels, a conflict theorist might explore societal issues, such as how business and political interests result in wealth inequality, the manipulation of political systems such as seen in the Tea Party Movement, or systemic problems like sexual harassment within organizations. Furthermore, the international dimension of conflict theory discusses how core nations exploit the resources of peripheral nations, revealing global inequalities and the dynamics of power and oppression.
Marx believed that the social structure of capitalism inherently leads to conflict between the dominant, resource-controlling classes (bourgeoisie) and the oppressed workers (proletariat), eventually resulting in the workers' struggle for equality. This approach highlights the perpetual conflict between those with wealth and power and those without, focusing on the broader social conflicts rather than individual issues.