Final answer:
The answer to the question is D ~ All of the above. In the event of brake failure, the correct actions are downshifting to a lower gear, pumping the brakes, and cautiously using the parking brake.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct actions to take in the event of brake failure include: A~ Downshifting to a lower gear so the engine can help slow the car, B~ Pumping the brakes to try and build pressure back up, and C~ Applying the parking brake, releasing it if skidding, and repeating as necessary. Therefore, D~ All of the above is the correct answer.
These measures act as alternative methods to slow and stop the vehicle when the primary braking system is not functional. Downshifting uses the engine's resistance to help reduce the car's speed, while pumping the brakes can sometimes restore enough pressure to the braking system to allow it to function partially. Using the parking brake helps by providing a mechanical means of deceleration, but it must be handled with care to prevent skidding.