Final answer:
Acute Tubular Necrosis can be caused by numerous nephrotoxic agents, including aminoglycoside antibiotics, iodinated contrast, chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin, and heavy metals such as arsenic and lead. Rhabdomyolysis and NSAIDs can also contribute to the development of ATN.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) is a kidney disorder involving damage to the tubular cells of the kidneys, which can lead to acute kidney failure. There are several nephrotoxic agents that can cause ATN due to their damaging effects on the renal tubular cells. These agents include:
- Aminoglycoside antibiotics (such as gentamicin) which can cause renal damage with prolonged use or higher doses.
- Iodinated contrast media used in radiographic procedures, which can be harmful especially in patients with preexisting kidney impairment or diabetes.
- Certain chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin (Platinol®) which are known to have nephrotoxic effects.
- Heavy metals like arsenic and lead, which can lead to kidney damage when exposure levels are high.
Rhabdomyolysis, a condition from the breakdown of muscle tissue releasing myoglobin into the blood, can also contribute to ATN. Furthermore, some over-the-counter medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can increase the risk of developing ATN when used excessively.