Final answer:
Chivalric culture in the Middle Ages was defined by a code of conduct called chivalry, aimed at Christianizing the violence of knighthood.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chivalric culture of the Middle Ages was an ethos that emphasized a code of conduct for knights and warriors that intertwined martial prowess with virtues such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and great respect for women. Central to this culture was the concept of chivalry, which aimed to Christianize knightly violence and behavior. Knights were to protect the weak, uphold the church, and adhere to battle conduct that respected holy days and avoided harming ecclesiastical property. Such ideals were not fully realized, but they did create a romanticized image of knighthood.
The Crusades were a series of religious and military campaigns initiated by the Christian states of Europe, chiefly to reclaim Jerusalem and other holy lands from Muslim control. The motivations for participation in the Crusades were varied, including religious zeal, the promise of forgiveness of sins, and the allure of acquiring lands and titles. However, the Crusades also had a darker side, often resulting in violence against not only Muslims but also Jewish communities, and contributing to lasting negative impacts on religious and cultural relations.