Final answer:
Premodern Homo sapiens developed advanced tools from a variety of materials including the blade tool industry while Homo heidelbergensis used Acheulean and wooden spears, and Neanderthals utilized the Mousterian tool industry with advanced flake tools.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tool technology of premodern Homo sapiens in the Middle Pleistocene includes the development of more sophisticated tool kits in comparison to their predecessors. Homo sapiens began constructing tools from a wider variety of materials including antler, ivory, and bone, marking a significant advancement from earlier hominins. One of the most notable technological developments during the Upper Paleolithic was the shift from the manufacture of round flakes to the manufacture of blade tools, known as the blade tool industry. These blades were long, thin, and flat, resembling modern knife blades with a much longer cutting edge, making them more efficient than previous flake-based technologies. Additionally, the earlier prepared-core technique of the Mousterian was refined to create pre-shaped blades.
During the same period, Homo heidelbergensis is believed to have utilized tools from the Acheulean tool industry, such as hand axes and cleavers, as well as spears made of wood, likely harvested from spruce or pine, with stone points attached through hafting technology. The hafting representing a significant technological achievement as it involved attaching stone points to wood handles. Neanderthals, living during the Middle Paleolithic, created tools that were associated with the Mousterian tool industry, characterized by more advanced flake tools rather than core-based tools of the Acheulean industry.