Final answer:
Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis I to form haploid secondary spermatocytes. These cells then participate in meiosis II to become spermatids, which ultimately develop into mature sperm, with each primary spermatocyte resulting in four sperm cells through the process of spermatogenesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis I to form secondary spermatocytes that are haploid. Spermatogenesis is the process that involves the transformation of spermatogonia into mature sperm cells. It begins with spermatogonia, which are the stem cells of the testis, lining the basement membrane inside the seminiferous tubule. These then divide to produce primary and secondary spermatocytes, followed by spermatids, which finally differentiate into fully formed sperm.
In spermatogenesis, a spermatogonium (stem cell) undergoes mitosis to form two diploid cells known as primary spermatocytes. One of these cells will continue to produce sperm, while the other replenishes the spermatogonia reserve. The diploid primary spermatocyte then goes through meiosis I to create two haploid cells termed secondary spermatocytes. These secondary spermatocytes rapidly undergo meiosis II to produce spermatids. Eventually, each primary spermatocyte yields four mature sperm cells after further developmental changes, including the formation of a flagellum and a compact headpiece for efficient swimming and fertilization.