Final answer:
Race is a social construct emphasizing physical features without biological basis, while ethnicity involves shared cultural heritage and identity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anthropological Definition of Race:
The anthropological definition of 'race' is fundamentally a social construct, historically linked to superficial physical characteristics that certain societies deem significant. It has varied across cultures and time, often mistakenly believed to have biological significance. On the contrary, studies like those by Rosenberg et al. (Science, 2002) have shown that genetic variations within populations are greater than those between populations, undermining the biological basis of race.
Comparison to Ethnicity:
On the other hand, 'ethnicity' describes a group's shared culture, practices, norms, values, and beliefs, which might encompass language, religion, and traditions. Ethnicity can overlap with racial categories but is distinct in its cultural components. Unlike race, ethnic affiliations may change or be multi-layered over time.
Contrasting Race and Ethnicity:
While race is about presumed physical resemblance and societal impact, ethnicity centers around cultural connections and heritage. It's essential to recognize that race, despite its lack of biological grounding, still impacts individuals and societies through systemic structures and historical contexts.