Final answer:
We communicate non-verbally through body language (kinesics) and voice nuances (paralanguage), both of which are influential in conveying messages and emotions. Kinesics involves gestures and facial expressions, while paralanguage includes tone and pitch of voice. These methods vary in interpretation across different cultures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Non-verbal ways we communicate include a variety of gestures, expressions, and body movements that can express emotions and intentions without the use of words. Kinesics refers specifically to body movements and gestures, which can involve facial expressions, posture, and various signs of affection or emotion that are often interpreted differently across cultures. For instance, while smiles usually signify joy, a thumbs-up might be positive reinforcement in one culture but offensive in another.
Paralanguage is another form of non-verbal communication that involves the way we speak, rather than what we actually say. This includes the tone of voice, the pitch, the speed of speech, and even the accent we use. These voiced but non-lexical aspects can greatly affect the message we are trying to convey and can carry cultural considerations. For example, a firm tone might indicate seriousness or authority.