Final answer:
The family Hominidae includes humans and our extinct ancestors after the split from the last common ancestor with chimps. It is the term 'hominin' that specifically refers to species on the human evolutionary path post-divergence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The family Hominidae includes option C) humans and our extinct ancestors after the split from the last common ancestor with chimps. This biological family encompasses not only modern humans but also all of our extinct ancestors post the divergence from the chimpanzee lineage, which occurred roughly six million years ago. Hominids include the great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) and humans. However, it is the term 'hominin' that more specifically refers to the species on the human branch after this split, including the genera Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Ardipithecus. These species share key characteristics like bipedalism and larger brains relative to other primates. Examples of bipedal hominins include Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, as well as Neanderthals and Denisovans, which are considered as 'cousins' to modern humans.