Final answer:
Chronic overproduction of VLDL can lead to various types of hyperlipoproteinemia, which are linked with metabolic disorders such as pathological fatty livers, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. These conditions are the result of imbalances in lipid synthesis, metabolism, and clearance in the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chronic overproduction of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) leads to several metabolic disorders. VLDLs are responsible for transporting newly synthesized triglycerides from the liver to adipose tissue. An overproduction of VLDL can be due to multiple causes, including an overproduction of substrates such as triglycerides and acetyl-CoA, an increase in B-100 synthesis, or a decrease in the clearance of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). This excessive accumulation can result in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia, which are characterized by distinct lipid profile abnormalities. For instance, Type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with high levels of VLDL due to the aforementioned reasons, and it has a prevalent rate of about 10% in the population.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V and Type III are also characterized by elevated VLDL levels. Type V is similar to Type I but with added high VLDL and chylomicrons, and it's associated with glucose intolerance and hyperuricemia. Type III, also known as dysbetalipoproteinemia, is due to cholesterol-rich VLDL (β-VLDL), commonly caused by the ApoE E2/E2 genotype. Prolonged elevation in VLDL and associated lipoprotein fractions can result in pathological fatty livers, atherosclerosis, and increased risk of coronary heart disease due to hypercholesterolemia.