Final answer:
The statement is true; reduced hyolaryngeal excursion can lead to both a reduction in UES opening and epiglottis inversion, affecting the safety and efficiency of swallowing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'reduced hyolaryngeal excursion results in reduced upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening and reduced epiglottis inversion' is true. Hyolaryngeal excursion is a critical movement during swallowing, where the hyoid bone and the larynx move upward and forward. This movement contributes to the opening of the UES and the inversion of the epiglottis, which helps prevent aspiration by directing food and liquid into the esophagus rather than the trachea. Reduced excursion can lead to swallowing difficulties and increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia, as the protective mechanisms are compromised.